Oil-burner for lamps and stoves.



No. 871,100. PATENTED NOV. 19, 1907; F. A. BAYNES.

4OIL BURNER POR LAMPS AND STOVES.

APPLICATION' FILED MAn.1z,19o.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1-1 mi: r/cfeals persas cu. wnsnmcmn, l:A c

PATENTEDNOV. 19, 1907x 1". A. BAYNBS. .011.11111111111111 P011 LAMPS AND sTovBs.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 12,1908.

2 SHEETS--SHEET 2.

f1tvf/76%).; Q @ay/mw 7? tasses FREDERICK A. BAYNES, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

OIL-BURNER FOR LAMPS AND STOVES.

Speecaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 19, 1907.

Application led March 12.1906. Serial No. 305,501.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK A. BAYNEs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buii'alo, in the county of Erie and State of NewYork, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Oil-B urners for Lamps and Stoves, of which the following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to a kerosene or other oil burner in which the oil is lirst converted into vapor and then mixed with air to form the gas which is subsequently burned for producing heat or illumination. A

The object of my invention is to provide a burner of this character which is safe and easily handled, which produces a light of increased candle power 'for the amount of oil consumed and which is so constructed that the parts are free from soot and not liable to become easily disarranged. Y 1n the accompanying drawings consisting of two sheets: Figure 1 is a vertical section of my improved burner applied to a lamp. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of the vapor generator and the mixer raised above the generator. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section in line 3 3, Fig. 1. Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are horizontal sections in the correspondingly numbered lines in Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Although the drawings show my improved burner in connection with a lamp for illumination the same is equally applicable to an oil stove for heating purposes.

A represents the oil pot of the lamp or stove which has its lower end connected by a tube c with an oil supply reservoir B arranged adjacent thereto. The oil pot and reservoir may be supported in any suitable manner but, as shown in the drawings, the' same are supported on a wall by means of a bracket O attached to the oil reservoir.

D represents an upright inner air flue or wick tube which extends from the bottom of the oil pot through an opening in the top thereof and terminates at its upper end some distance above said top.

.E ,is an outer wick tube surrounding the inner tube and extending downwardly part waysinto the upper part of the oil pot while itsupper end terminates some distance short of the` upper end of the inner tube.

-. Frepresents the tubular wick which is arranged in the annular space between the inner.y and outer tubes D, E and 1s immersed at its lower end in the oil contained in the pot. The upper end olt the wick terminates llush with or slightly above the upper end of the inner tube so that little or no part of the inner side or bore of the wick is exposed'but a considerable part oi its outer side or peripheral area is exposed owing to the termination oi the upper end of the outer tube below the corresponding end of the inner tube.

Any suitable means may be provided for adjusting the wick lengthwise between the inner and outer tubes when necessary. The means for this purpose shown in the drawings consists ot an adjusting collar f em bracing the lower part of the wick and a handie or linger piece f extending from one side of the adjusting collar through an opening in the top of the oil pot.

Above the upperend of the wick is arranged a va or generator screen of woven wire or the li (e which preferably consists ol an outer horizontal annular lange g and an upwardly dished central part having a horizontal top g and a cylindrical side wall gr2 which connects the outer edge of the top with the inner edge of the flange. l/Vhen this screen is in its operative position the inner part or edge of its flange rests upon or is arranged close to the upper edge of the wick and the upwardly dished central part thereol is arranged with its cylindrical wall in line with the bore of the inner wick tube, as shown in Fig. l.

The outer edge or marginal part of the flange of the screen is mounted on the bottom 7L of an upwardlynarrowing or contracting dome H. The connection between the screen and said bottom is preferably so constructed as to form an annular air supply channel or space around the wick at the up per end thereof and also to permit of readily replacing the screen when worn out. The means for this purpose shown in the -drawings are constructed as follows zrepresents an upwardly projecting cylindrical wall ar ranged iat the edge of a circular 'opening formed centrally in the bottom of the dome. At its upper edge this cylindrical wall is provided with an inway projecting horizontal vflange c" which is provided at its inner edge with an upwardly tapering or inclined annular de'llecting rim The, latter terminates at its upper edge slightly below the top of the central dished part of the generator screen. rPhe diameter of the periphery of the screen flange g is the same or nearly so as the internal diameter of the cylindrical wall i which receives this screen flange. rl`he screen iiange bears with its upper side adjacent to its periphery against the underside of the flange t of the cylindrical wall and is held against the s me by means of an inwardly projecting ange j arranged at the upper end of a cylindrical hood J which fits with its upper portion into the central wall i of the dome. The lower part of this hood projects some distano; downwardly below the bottom of the dome and the upper edge of the outer wick tube so as to form an annular air space or conduit around the upper part of the wick which conduit is open at its lt.wer end vEto admit the external air. That portion of the screen flange g between the periphery of the wick and the inner edge of the flanges is uncovered or exposed so as to permit the air and gases to pass from the interior of the hood through this portion of the screen into the lower part of the dome.

Air also passes from the exterior upwardly through the central tube or flue and through the cylindrical wall and top of the dished part of the screen into the lower part of the dome. The hood is detachably held in place on the lower part of the dome the preferred means for this purpose shown in the drawings consisting of pins 7 projecting outwardly from the lower part of' the hood and engaging with hooks k on the underside of the dome bottom. yUpon turning the hood its locking pins mayv be moved into or out of engagement with the hooks 7L" for fastening or releasing the generator screen. The wall i and the flange i practically form a socket in which the generator screen is secured by a clamp consisting of the hood J, flange j, the pins k and hooks 7. In the lower art of the dome is arranged a spreader or de ector which consists of an upwardly dished central part Z and an upwardly turned marginalflange Z. This deliector is arranged in the dome above the screen and its socket so as to form a gas passage which conducts the vapors fr m the wick laterally to the sides of the dome at the lower end thereof, and the periphery of the deflector is separated fra-m the wall of the dome so as to form an annular passage or conduit between the edge of the spreader and the wall of the dome through which the gas passes from the lower part of the dome to the upper part thereof. rPhe deflector is supported in its central position relatively to the dome, the wick and adjacent parts by means of a plurality of upright pins or posts Z2 which are connected at their upper ends with the deflector near the margin thereof while their lower ends are secured to the bottom of the dome adjacent to the outer side of the screen socket.

At its upper end the dome is provided with for exposing the upper end of the wick and permit of lighting and trimming the same. The means for this purpose may be variously constructed but those shown in the drawings as illustrating one way of accomplishing this result are contructed as follows O represents a gallery secured around the upper part of the dome and supporting the chimney at its lower end, the latter beingy removably held in place on the gallery spring tongues or fingers o projecting upwardly from the outer edge of the gallery and bearing against the outer side of the chimney. Rising from the bottom of the gallery within the chimney is a'rod P which is provided at its upper end with an arm p upon which the upper end of the incandescent mantle is supported. l

Q represents a vertically movable slide which is guided in ways g, g on the adjacent part of the oil reservoir and provided at its upper end with a laterally projecting bracket R which terminates in a supporting ring 1". This ring surrounds the dome below the gallery and supports the latter by means of an interposed washer or ring of asbestos t whereby the transmission of heat from the gallery to the oil reservoir is minimized and danger of overheating the latter is avoided. The supporting ring and gallery may be connected in any suitable manner, for instance as shown in Fig. 1, by means of bolts U extending vertically through the lower part of the gallery, the asbestos insulating ring and the supporting ring.

The raising and lowering of the slide on the guides of the oil reservoir may be effected in various ways, a suitable means for this purpose being shown in the drawings, the same consisting of a rotary cam or eccentric V pivoted on a plate o which connects the guides and working in a horizontal slot or opening in the slide. Upon turning this cam so that its salient part is vertically below its pivot, the bracket and upper parts of the burner supported thereon are lowered into their operative position in 'which the generator screen rests or nearly rests upon the upper end of the wick and lthe hood J surrounds the upper end of the wick and the outer wick tube, as shown in Fig. l. Upon turning the cam so that its salient part is vertically above the pivot the slide is raised into its highest position, whereby the upper parts of the burner are raised so that a clear space is formed between the generator screen and hood and the upper end of the wick and its inner and outer tubes, which position of the parts affords suiliciently free access to the wick for lighting the same. The cam is preferably'turned by means of a laterally projecting thumb piece, handle or arm WV arranged on the front side thereof and its turning movement is arrested when the slide is in its `highest and lowest positions by means of stop pins or lugs XN', W2 arranged on the slide above and below the cam in position to be engaged by its thumb piece or handle.

For the purpose of lighting the wick it is only necessary to expose the same sulliciently to permit of reaching the same easily with a match and the throw of the cam has there- Jfore been so determined that upon rotating the same upwardly the upper parts of the burner will be raised a sullicient distance above the wick to permit of properly lighting the same.

For trimming the wick it is necessary to have a greater amount ol clearance space above the same and to permit ol obtaining additional clearance, the pivot pin r2 o'l the cam is extended forwardly some distance so to permit the cam to slip 'forwardly upon its pivot and out of its slot in the slide. When this is done the slide can be raised an additional distance until the lower side o'l the cam slot e engages with the underside ol the pivot pin o2 which additional distance raises the hood and generator screen sulliciently high above the upper end of the wick to permit of conveniently and properly trimming the same.

After the lighting the wick and lowering the upper p'art of the burner so that its screen engages with the upper end or is close to the upper end of the wick the latter burns with a blue flame on the outer side of itsupper end which is exposed above the upper end of the outer tube. The air'for supporting this ilame enters at the lower end of the hood. The burning ol this Vllame causes the oil to be drawn upwardly -from the oil pot and converted into a vapor which leaves the upper end of the wick, passes upwardly through the flange of the generator screen and into the lower part of the dome below the spreader. The llame striking the underside of the generator screen causes the same to become heated so that the air passing upwardly from the hood through the margin of the screen and from the central [lue through the central part of the screen into the lower part of the dome becomes heated. The heated air upon rising through the central part ofthe screen strilies the central upwardly dished part of the spreader' whereby this air is directed downwardly and laterally in all directions toward the side of the lower part of the dome. The central current of air and the side current of air and the current ol' vapor between them are heated to the highest point immediately above the llame ol the i l l l l l wick at which time the vapor and air have the greatest allinity for each other and produce an intimate mixture of the same which is 'possible at no other time. The air and the vapor are thus in the best condition vl'or producing a gaseous mixture of the same so that the same contains a maximum number or' heat units and has the greatest heating capacity. This intimate mixing of the air and vapor is Al'urther aided by the two currents ol air constantly impinging against opposite sides ol the current of vapor while the .latter is drawn out into a contii'iually thinning sheet upon being dellected by the spreader.

The conical rim i serves to prevent the side current of air 'from passing laterally immediately upon issuing upwardly 'from the l[lange ol the screen and directs the same inwardly over the Allame so as to insure bringing the same together with the vapor' and inner air current over the hottest point where the same unite most readily. ln the absence ol' this provision the two currents o'l" air and vapor would be too cold and would not mix unil'ormly and intimately, resulting in the production of an interior gas. The mixed air and vapor uponreaching the side oi the dome at the lower end thereol" pass upwardly through the annular space between the spreader and the dome into the upper part of the latter. Above the spreader the gas comes together and is conducted by the upper part of' the dome to the burner screen through which it passes and is burned within the mantle in the usual manner, heating the latter to the point of incandescence and producing illumination in a well known manner.

The upward contraction ol` the dome is preferably in the form of a double reverse curve or ogee whereby the gases in passing upwardly through the dome do not encounter any abrupt shoulders or obstructions and are not suddenly deflected but are permitted to move smoothly and evenly in this direction, whereby the volume ol gas as it passes upwardly through the dome is distributed uni- -formly over the same, thereby causing a uni- 'lorm illumination ol all parts ol' the mantle.

The passages in the dome are of such area that they permit an unrestricted [low oit the gas to the outlet, thereby permitting a Vl'ull draft which prevents condensation ol' gas and formation of odors from drippings. 'lhe gaseous mixture burns at the outlet ol" the dome with a blue llame. lVhen the burner is embodied in a lamp, as shown in the drawings, this blue llame heats the mantle to a high degree of incandescence but when the burner is embodied in a stove or heater the gas issuing from the dome is burned in a radiator or in any other suitable manner.

By dishing the generator screen in the manner described the same furnishes a gas passage o'f larger area it permits the central curduced when the screen does not bear uni-v formly on all parts of the wick and causes an irregular supply of gaseous mixture to the mantle so that some part thereof burns more brilliant than another and therefore impairs the illuminating capacity of the same accordingly. v

By burning the wick on its outer side only a larger fiame is produced which increases the volume of heat for the generation ofvapor and causes the air and vapor to be more perfectly combined and in the best proportion to effect complete combustion thereof, whereby the production of soot is avoided and less frequent cleaning ofthe burner is required.

My improved construction of burner is practically self regulating inasmuch as increase in heat at the mantle causes an increased flow of air through the hood which forces the generator flame nearer to the wick and thus .increases the generation of vapor in the same measure as the supply of air increases and vice versa, thereby continually maintaining a' balance between the air and vapor and preventing smoking or blackening of the mantle.

The generation of the vapor and the mixture of the air in the burner is so rapid that the mantle may be lighted immediately after the wick by the same match, renderingv the burner absolutely odorless.

It will be observed that in my improved burner no metallic contact takes place between the upper or mixing part carrying the mantle and the lower or generating part connected with the oil pot. By this separation of the upper and lower parts of the burner l gradual increase 1n the generation of vapor which otherwise would occur by metallic conduction of heat is avoided, thereby insuring a steady and even light or flame.

Openings 02 are formed in the bottom of the gallery within the chimney to supply air for supporting combustion at the mantle.

Any suitable means may be provided for extinguishing the burner without raising the upper part of the same. The means for this purpose shown in the drawings consist of a snuffer x, which is constructed in the form of a sleeve surrounding the outer wick tube above the oil pot. When the lamp is burning this snufling sleeve is moved downwardly so that its upper edge is in line with or below the upper edge of theouter wick tube, as shown in Fig, l. When it is desired to extinguish the burner the snuffer is moved upwardly on the outer wick tube until its upper etnico edge bears against or is close to thelunder side of the generator screen, whereby the outer side of the wick at its upper end ,is inclosed and air is excluded therefrom, lthereby extinguishing the ame and arresting the further generation of gas. After the wick has been thus snuffed out the mantle continues to glow until the gas within the dome has been consumed which is but a comparatively short time. The raising and lowering of the snufler is preferably effected by means of one or more pins Y arranged on the outer wick tube and projecting into a spiral or inclined slot Z in the snuing sleeve. Upon turning vthis sleeve in one direction by means of a thumb piece Z the wedge action of the slot in said sleeve against the pin Y causes movement of this sleeve in the reverse direction causes the same to be moved downwardly by this means.

I claim as my invention 1. A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and extending practically to its upper end so as to cover the inner side of the wick, an outer wick tube surrounding the wick and terminating below the upper end of the wick a generator screen having an upwardly dished foraminous central part which is arranged above the bore of said inner tube and a laterally projecting foraminous flange which is arranged transversely on the upper end of said wick, substantially as set forth.

2, A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and extending practically to its upper end so as to cover the inner side of the wick, an outer wick tube surrounding the wick and terminating below the upper end of the wick so as to expose the outer side of the same, a generator screen arranged transversely on the said tubes beyond the outer side of the outer tube, a dome having a central opening in its bottom in which said wick, tubes and screen are arranged, and means for detachably securing said screen at its edge to said bottom, substantially as set. forth.

3. A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and `extending practically to its upper edge, an outer wick tube surrounding the wick and terminating below the upper edge of the wick, a generator screen arranged above said wick and tubes and extending laterally beyond the outer side of the outer tube, a dome having a central 'o ening in its bottom which receives said wic r, tubes and screen, and means for securing said screen at its edge to said bottom, consisting of a socket ar-` ranged on' said bottom and having a flange against which one side of said screen bears, a circular clamping member having a flange the sleeve to move upwardly while rotary so as to expose the outer side of the wick, and

upper end of the wick-and extending over 'said wick, screen and tubes, and a circular `lar s reader arranged in the dome and sepabearing against the opposite side of said screen and a pin and hook connecting said socket and clamping member, substantially as set forth.

4. A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and extending practically to its upper edge, an outer wick tube surrounding the wick and terminatingbelow the upper edge e'i the wick, a generator screen arranged over said wick and tubes and projectingl laterally beyond the outer side of the outer tube, a d ome arranged above said wick, tubes and screen, a bottom for said dome having a central opening in which said wick, tubes and screen l are arranged, a cylindrical wall projecting upwardly from the edge of said opening and having an internal flange which bears against the upper side of said screen and a cylindrical hood secured within said wall and having an internal flange which bears against the underside of said screen, substantially as set forth.

5. A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and extending practically to its upper end so as to cover the inner side of the wick, an outer tube surrounding the wick and terminating below the upper end of the wick so as to expose the outer side of the wick, a generator screen varranged on the upper end of the wick, a dome arranged above said wick and tubes, a bottom for said dome having a central opening which receives the upper ends of spreader arranged in the dome above said wick, tubes and screen and extending laterally beyond the screen and separated at its edge from the inner side of the dome by an annular passage which connects the spaces in the lower and upper parts o'l the dome, substantially as set rorth. l 6. A burner comprising a tubular wick, an inner air tube arranged within the wick and extending practically to its upper end so as to cover the inner side of the wick, an outer l wick tube surrounding the wick and terminating below the upper end of the wick so as to expose the outer side of the wick, \a generator screen arranged on the upper end of the wick, a dome arranged above said wick and tubes, a bottom for said dome having a central opening which receives the upper ends of said wick, screen and tubes, a circuratec at its edge from the side o'l the dome by an annular passage which connects the l spaces in the lower and upper parts of the 1 dome, and posts which connect the spreader with the bottom of the dome, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination o'l an oil reservoir, an oil pot supplied -fromv said reservoir, a wick supplied from said pot, wick tubes arranged on thel inner and outer sides of said wick, a generator screen on the upper end of said. wick but disengaged from said tubes, a dome arranged over said screen, and means which are disengaged from said wick tubes and which connect said screen with the dome, substantially as set -l'orth.

S. The combination ol: an oil reservoir, an oil pot, supplied from said reservoir, a wick supplied 'l'rom said pot, wick tubes arranged onthe inner and outer sides o'l the wick, a generator screen arranged over said wick, a domey arranged over said screen, a supporting device vl'or said screen which connects with said dome but which does not engage with said wick tubes, and a bracket mounted on said reservoir and having a ring for supporting the dome, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of an oil reservoir, an oil pot supplied from said reservoir, a wick supplied from said pot, wick tubes arranged on the inner and outer sides ol said wick, a generator screen arranged over said wick, a dome arranged over said screen, means for supporting said screen vfrom the dome, a bracket supporting said dome, a vertically movable slide supporting the bracket, guides arranged on said reservoir which receive said slide, and a cam vfor raising and lowering said slide, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination ola reservoir, an oil pot supplied l'rom said reservoir, a wick supplied l'rom said pot, wick tubes arranged on the inner and outer sides oit the wi k, a generator screen arranged over said wick, a dome arranged over said screen', means -for supporting said screen from said dome, a bracket supporting said dome, a vertically movable slide supporting the bracket, guides on said reservoir which receive said slide, a rotary cam pivoted on the reservoir and working in a slot in said slide, an operating handle on said cam, and stops arranged to be engaged by said handle 'lor limiting the rotation of the cam, substantially as set forth.

l/Vitness my hand this 10th day ol" March, 1906.

FREDERICK A. BAYNES.

Vitnesscs:

Timo. L. Porr, E. M. GRAHAM. 

